What is Thermal Power Plants? How do works Of Thermal Power Plant? Also, what is Its Advantage & Disadvantage, Application?

⇛Thermal Power Plants;-

In this post, you can learn about the Thermal Power Plant.
What is Thermal  Power Plants? How do works Of Thermal Power Plant?  Also, what is Its Advantage & Disadvantage, Application?
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🔇 Thermal Power Station

Such type of a generating power station which converts the heat energy of coal combustion into electrical energy is called Thermal Power Station.
• It is generally work done by the Rankine cycle.
• It is the major Source of Power generation.
• 50% of electrical power generated by the thermal power plants in India.

THERMAL POWER PLANTS

✒ Selection Of Site For Thermal Power Plant:-

• The Cost Of land Should be reasonable.
• Thermal  Station needs a lot of Coal every day.
• A thermal Sation Produces huge quantities of ash.
• The site should not be Surrounded by residential buildings.
• Availability  Of Coal.
• Skilled and Unskilled Labours should be available at reasonable rates near to the site of the plant.


✒ Advantage:-
• Fuel Cost of Thermal power plant is relatively low.
• Overall System is Cost Effective.
• Easier maintained Of Power System.
• It required Small Space.
• Same Heat could be Reused.

✒ Disadvantage:-
• Huge Production Of CO2 in an atmosphere.
• Exhausted gases harms outside Environment Badly.
• Low Overall Efficiency.
• Thermal Engine requires huge
Amount of a lubricating  Oil that is very expensive.
•Coal type thermal power plant requires a Comparatively large duration before it supplies generated power to the grid.




🔴 Block Diagrams:-

THERMAL POWER PLANTS 

✒ Working Principle of Thermal Power Plant:-

Thermal Power Plant station basically works on the Rankine cycle. In a thermal power plant, the heat energy of a coil is converted into useful electrical energy. it's fuel like coal is burnt in a boiler. The boiler makes superheated steam at high temperature and pressure. The steam drives a turbine which is coupled to the generator produce electric power. The main requirement in a thermal power plant is a boiler, steam turbine, and alternator.

Construction Of Thermal Power Plants:-

1. Boiler:- 
A boiler is an enclosed vessel in which a fluid is heated to produce steam.

2. Superheater:- 
The superheater is a device that increases the temperature of steam above the boiling point of water.
• It increases the efficiency of thermal power plants.

3. Economizer:-
 It is a feedwater heater.
The heat is extracted from fuel gases to increase the temperature of feed water.
 After economizer feed water is supplied to the boiler.

4.  Condensers:-
The condenser is a device which condenses the steam as the exhaust the steam from the turbine. it serves the following two purposes in a thermal power generating station:-
• It creates a very low pressure at the exhaust of the turbine.
 • It helps the converting heat energy of steam into mechanical energy in the prime mover.
• It condensed steam can be used as feed water in the boiler.
✒ Condensers are of two types namely Jet or contact condenser and surface condenser.


5.Air Preheater:-
It is a device that increases the temperature of air supply from coal-burning driving from fuel gases. Thus, Air preheater are work to recover. The heat from the escaping gas.

6. Reheater:-
A reheater is basically the type of a superheater that superheats steam exiting the high-pressure stages of a turbine.
• High reheating temperatures improve the output and efficiency of a power plant.

7. Steam Prime Mover:-
It is a device that converts steam energy into mechanical energy.
✒Two   Basically Prime mover are generally used in Thermal Power plants:-
✏Turbines.
✏ Alternators.

🔴 TURBINE:-

 The turbine is basically a circular wheel which is having a series of plates mounted on its circumference.
 The runner or circular wheel is Coupled to A shaft. So, that when the runner rotates the shaft also rotates.

✏Type Of Turbine:-
A. Impulse Turbine
B. Reaction Turbine

A. Impulse Turbine:-
Such type of turbine in which the impulsive forces Responsible for the direction of Rotation of the runner of the turbine are called the Impulse Turbine.
• Its blade are Symmetrical.

B. Reaction Turbine:-
Such type of turbine in which the reaction force applied by the steam on the plate is Responsible for Rotation of the runner is called reaction turbine.
• Its blade are Unsymmetrical.

🔴 Alternator:-

The alternator is Coupled to the shaft of the Steam Turbine. It is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
The alternator has a magnet when the turbine rotates the magnetic flux changes to oppose this change an EMF is induced which further Generator the Electric Current.

8. Cooling Tower:-
A Cooling tower is a wooden packed baffling device. It is used to improve the efficiency of thermal power plant.
Air heater the tower from the bottom and flows upward.

🔌 Efficiency Of Steam Power Plant:-

1. Thermal Efficiency:-
The ratio of heat equivalent of mechanical energy Transmitted to the turbine shaft to the heat of combustion of coal is called thermal Efficiency Of thermal Power Plant.
✒The thermal efficiency of the thermal power plant is Low (28-32% ) because a large amount of heat is lost in the condenser and heat losses occur at various stages of this power plant.

2. Overall Efficiency:-
The ratio of heat equivalent of electrical output to the heat combustion of coal is called overall efficiency.
The overall efficiency of the steam power plant is Low. (29%)

Q. Why is the thermal efficiency of a steam power plant is low?

Ans:- In a steam power station more than 50% of the total heat of the combustion is lost as heat rejected to the condenser and the loss in individual as heat energy cannot be converted into mechanical energy without a drop in temperature. Steam in the condenser is at the lowest temperature. This is the reason that the thermal efficiency of the power plant is quite a law. Some of the losses during the steam power plant are:-
Losses at boiler:- 15%
Losses at Turbo-generator;- 39%
 condenser heat Rejection:- 55%
Alternator losses:- 1%

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