What is Nuclear Power Plants? How do works Of Nuclear Power Plant? Also, what is Its Advantage & Disadvantage, Application?

⇛Nuclear Power Plants;-

In this post, you can learn about the Nuclear  Power Plant.
What is Nuclear  Power Plants? How do works Of Nuclear Power Plant?  Also, what is Its Advantage & Disadvantage, Application?
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Nuclear Power Station:-

Such type of generating in which nuclear energy is converted into electrical energy is called Nuclear Power Plant.
•In Nuclear Power Plant, Uranium and Thorium are used for electrical energy.
•The Overall efficiency of the nuclear plant is (30-40%) .
•The first nuclear power plant was installed at Tarapur in Maharashtra.

🔌Advantage:-

•The amount of fuel required is small.
•It is thecostsavingenerating station.
•It require less Space.
•It is located in the near load center.
•It is independent of Geographical Factor.


🔌 Disadvantage:-

•The Fuel used in this power plant is very expensive.
•The capital cost of nuclear power plant is very high.
•The maintenance cost of the plant is very high.
•It required trained Person to handle this plant.
•This disposal of products which are radioactive is a very big problem.


✏Working Principle:-
In a nuclear power plant, heat energy is generated by a nuclear reaction that is called nuclear Fission. Nuclear Fission of heavy elements such as Uranium or Thorium is carried out in a special apparatus is called nuclear Fission.
A large amount of heat energy is generated due to nuclear Fission. Rest parts of a nuclear power plant are very similar to conventional thermal power plants. Due to Fission , a large amount of heat energy is produced which is transferred to the reactor coolant. The coolant may be Water gas or liquid metal. The heated coolant is made to flow through a heat exchanger where Water is converted into high-temperature steam. Then steam runs the steam turbine which converts steam energy into mechanical energy. After this process, the steam turbine is coupled to an alternator that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generated electrical voltage is then stepped up using a transformer for the purpose of an ng-distance transmission line.

➡Arrangement of the ear Power Plant in four-stage:-

1.Nuclear Reactor.
2.Heat Exchanger.
3.Steam Turbine.
4.Alternator.

1.Nuclear Reactor:-
It is a device in which nuclear fuel is subjected to nuclear fission.
•It controls the chain reaction that starts was the fission is done.
•If the Chain reaction is not controlled, the result will be an explosion due to fast increasing energy released.

2.Heat Exchanger:- 
A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat between two or more fluids  without mixing the two fluids.

3. Steam Turbine :-
A steam turbine is a rotatory heat engine that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy or electrical energy.
•It is consists of a iler turbine condenser feed pump and other devices.
•90% electricity is generated by a steam turbines.
•Steam turbine was invented in 1884 by Sir  Charles Parsons.

4.Alternator :-
The alternator is coupled to the shaft of steam turbine which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
•The output from the alternator is delivered to the bus go through the Transformer circuit breaker and isolator.

➡ Selection of Site for Nuclear Power Station :-

1.Availability of Water Supply :-
 In this power plant, water is secondary fuel.So, such type of power plant installed where amount of water is more available that means this plant is located near to the river lake or sea.

2.Disposal of Water  :-
The waste produced by fission process in a Nuclear Power Station is generally radioactivity pollution waste. So ,the site selected for such plants should have Adequate  arrangement for the disposal of the radioactive Waste.

3.Distance from Populated Area :-
The site selection for a nuclear power plant should be quiet away from the populated area because it is danger of the Present of the radioactivity in the atmosphere near to the plant.

4.Transportation Facilities :-
Such type of power plant installed where accessible by road and route and connection of railway because transportation of the mechanical equipment and worker can be easily reachable.

⚙Fuel used in Nuclear Power Station :-
Nuclear Fuel is a substance that is used in nuclear power station to produce heat to power turbine and heat is created when nuclear fuel undergoes Nuclear Fission.
There are following Fuel used in N.P.P. :-
Natural uranium ,Low Energised  Uranium, Highly enriched Urenium,
Furtile Meterial,Plutonium Neptunium,Curium tee
➡Most nuclear fuel contain heavy  fissble element that are capable of nuclear fission such as uranium- 235 Plutoninum- 239 .


Q.What are the function of moderator and control rods in nuclear reactors? Ans:-
🔌Moderator :- The function of moderator is used to reduce the speed of fast neutron which are liberated during the fusion this cause the energy of neutrons lost by Collision. The moderators Slow Down The Fast neutrons but do not observe them .
it is a radioactivity element having low atomic Number.
Eg:- H2O,D2O,Beryllium, Ceabon etc.

🔋Control Rods  :- The control rods are used to stop the chain reaction the control roads observe the neutrons and this control the chain reaction.
The material used to for control road should have a very good capacity of neutron absirbation the material used cadmium Boron and hafnium.


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